Mayzent adverse reactions and safety considerations

THE DEMONSTRATED SAFETY PROFILE OF MAYZENT®1

ADVERSE REACTIONS THAT OCCURRED IN ≥5% OF PATIENTS TAKING MAYZENT, AND AT A RATE ≥1% HIGHER THAN IN PATIENTS RECEIVING PLACEBO

The most common adverse reactions with MAYZENT were headache, hypertension, and increased transaminase levels The most common adverse reactions with MAYZENT were headache, hypertension, and increased transaminase levels

The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) were headache (15%), hypertension (13%), and transaminase increases (11%).

Treatment discontinuation rates due to adverse events were similar across treatment arms.

  • 8.5% of patients taking MAYZENT discontinued treatment due to adverse events vs 5.1% with placebo

The most common adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) were headache (15%), hypertension (13%), and transaminase increases (11%).

Treatment discontinuation rates due to adverse events were similar across treatment arms.

  • 8.5% of patients taking MAYZENT discontinued treatment due to adverse events vs 5.1% with placebo

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR INITIATION1

Genotype testing: Patients undergo a genotype test to identify their specific variant of
CYP2C9, the principal enzyme that metabolizes MAYZENT.* This genotype test identifies
the appropriate MAYZENT maintenance dose.

FDO: An FDO is required only for patients with certain preexisting cardiac conditions.
Most patients will not need an FDO during initiation.

Titration schedule: Initiation of MAYZENT treatment results in a transient decrease in
heart rate and atrioventricular conduction delays. For all patients, a dose titration is
recommended for initiation of MAYZENT treatment to help patients safely reach their
maintenance dose.

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS FOR INITIATION1

Genotype testing: Patients undergo a genotype test to identify their specific variant of CYP2C9, the principal enzyme that metabolizes MAYZENT.* This genotype test identifies the appropriate MAYZENT maintenance dose.

FDO: An FDO is required only for patients with certain preexisting cardiac conditions. Most patients will not need an FDO during initiation.

Titration schedule: Initiation of MAYZENT treatment results in a transient decrease in heart rate and atrioventricular conduction delays. For all patients, a dose titration is recommended for initiation of MAYZENT treatment to help patients safely reach their maintenance dose.

DOSING

FDO=first-dose observation.

*Patients with a CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype should not be treated with MAYZENT.1

*Patients with a CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype should not be treated with MAYZENT.1

Reference: 1. Mayzent [prescribing information]. East Hanover, NJ: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp; March 2019.

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Indication and Important Safety Information

INDICATION

MAYZENT® (siponimod) is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Contraindications

  • Patients with a CYP2C9*3/*3 genotype

  • In the last 6 months, experienced myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, TIA, decompensated heart failure requiring hospitalization, or Class III/IV heart failure

  • Presence of Mobitz type II second-degree, third-degree atrioventricular block, or sick sinus syndrome, unless patient has a functioning pacemaker

INDICATION

MAYZENT® (siponimod) is indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in adults.

Infections: MAYZENT may increase risk of infections with some that are serious in nature. Life-threatening and rare fatal infections have occurred.

Before starting MAYZENT, review a recent complete blood count (CBC) (ie, within 6 months or after discontinuation of prior therapy). Delay initiation of treatment in patients with severe active infections until resolved. Employ effective treatments and monitor patients with symptoms of infection while on therapy. Consider discontinuing treatment if patient develops a serious infection.

Cases of fatal cryptococcal meningitis (CM) were reported in patients treated with another sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator. Rare cases of CM have occurred with MAYZENT. If CM is suspected, MAYZENT should be suspended until cryptococcal infection has been excluded. If CM is diagnosed, appropriate treatment should be initiated.

No cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) were reported in MAYZENT clinical trials; however, they have been observed in patients treated with another sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and other multiple sclerosis (MS) therapies. If PML is suspected, MAYZENT should be discontinued.

Cases of herpes viral infection, including one case of reactivation of varicella zoster virus leading to varicella zoster meningitis, have been reported. Patients without a confirmed history of varicella zoster virus (VZV) or without vaccination should be tested for antibodies before starting MAYZENT. If VZV antibodies are not present or detected, then VZV immunization is recommended and MAYZENT should be initiated 4 weeks after vaccination.

Use of live vaccines should be avoided while taking MAYZENT and for 4 weeks after stopping treatment.

Caution should be used when combining treatment (ie, anti-neoplastic, immune-modulating, or immunosuppressive therapies) due to additive immune system effects.

Macular Edema: In most cases, macular edema occurred within 4 months of therapy. Patients with history of uveitis or diabetes are at an increased risk. Before starting treatment, an ophthalmic evaluation of the fundus, including the macula, is recommended and at any time if there is a change in vision. The use of MAYZENT in patients with macular edema has not been evaluated; the potential risks and benefits to the individual patient should be considered.

Bradyarrhythmia and Atrioventricular Conduction Delays: Prior to initiation of MAYZENT, an ECG should be obtained to determine if preexisting cardiac conduction abnormalities are present. In all patients, a dose titration is recommended for initiation of MAYZENT treatment to help reduce cardiac effects.

MAYZENT was not studied in patients who had:

  • In the last 6 months, experienced myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, TIA, or decompensated heart failure requiring hospitalization

  • New York Heart Association Class II-IV heart failure

  • Cardiac conduction or rhythm disorders, including complete left bundle branch block, sinus arrest or sino-atrial block, symptomatic bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, Mobitz type II second-degree AV-block or higher-grade AV-block (either history or observed at screening), unless patient has a functioning pacemaker

  • Significant QT prolongation (QTc greater than 500 msec)

  • Arrhythmias requiring treatment with Class Ia or Class III anti-arrhythmic drugs

Reinitiation of treatment (initial dose titration, monitoring effects on heart rate and AV conduction [ie, ECG]) should apply if ≥4 consecutive daily doses are missed.

Respiratory Effects: MAYZENT may cause a decline in pulmonary function. Spirometric evaluation of respiratory function should be performed during therapy if clinically warranted.

Liver Injury: Elevation of transaminases may occur in patients taking MAYZENT. Before starting treatment, obtain liver transaminase and bilirubin levels. Closely monitor patients with severe hepatic impairment. Patients who develop symptoms suggestive of hepatic dysfunction should have liver enzymes checked, and MAYZENT should be discontinued if significant liver injury is confirmed.

Increased Blood Pressure: Increase in systolic and diastolic pressure was observed about 1 month after initiation of treatment and persisted with continued treatment. During therapy, blood pressure should be monitored and managed appropriately.

Fetal Risk: Based on animal studies, MAYZENT may cause fetal harm. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception to avoid pregnancy during and for 10 days after stopping MAYZENT therapy.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Rare cases of PRES have been reported in patients receiving a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator. Such events have not been reported for patients treated with MAYZENT in clinical trials. If patients develop any unexpected neurological or psychiatric symptoms, a prompt evaluation should be considered. If PRES is suspected, MAYZENT should be discontinued.

Unintended Additive Immunosuppressive Effects From Prior Treatment or After Stopping MAYZENT: When switching from drugs with prolonged immune effects, the half-life and mode of action of these drugs must be considered to avoid unintended additive immunosuppressive effects.

Initiating treatment with MAYZENT after treatment with alemtuzumab is not recommended.

After stopping MAYZENT therapy, siponimod remains in the blood for up to 10 days. Starting other therapies during this interval will result in concomitant exposure to siponimod.

Lymphocyte counts returned to the normal range in 90% of patients within 10 days of stopping therapy. However, residual pharmacodynamic effects, such as lowering effects on peripheral lymphocyte count, may persist for up to 3-4 weeks after the last dose. Use of immunosuppressants within this period may lead to an additive effect on the immune system, and therefore, caution should be applied 3-4 weeks after the last dose of MAYZENT.

Severe Increase in Disability After Stopping MAYZENT: Severe exacerbation of disease, including disease rebound, has been rarely reported after discontinuation of an S1P receptor modulator. The possibility of severe exacerbation of disease should be considered after stopping MAYZENT treatment, thus patients should be monitored upon discontinuation.

Most Common Adverse Reactions: Most common adverse reactions (>10%) are headache, hypertension, and transaminase increases.

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